arsenic ion formula

17428-41-0. Under reducing conditions, arsenic can be mobilized by reductive desorption or dissolution when associated with iron oxides. Preliminary well water analysis typically does not test for arsenic. Many minor As-containing minerals are known. [42], The word arsenic has its origin in the Syriac word ܠܐ ܙܐܦܢܝܐ (al) zarniqa,[43][better source needed] from Arabic al-zarnīḵ الزرنيخ 'the orpiment’, based on Persian zar 'gold' from the word زرنيخ zarnikh, meaning "yellow" (literally "gold-colored") and hence "(yellow) orpiment". ), Uthus E.O. Your email address will not be published. It is hygroscopic and non-combustible. The arsenic in the groundwater is of natural origin, and is released from the sediment into the groundwater, caused by the anoxic conditions of the subsurface. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, 1986, 347–372. These effects have been demonstrated at contaminations less than 50 ppb. [22] When heated in air, arsenic oxidizes to arsenic trioxide; the fumes from this reaction have an odor resembling garlic. Paramagnetic. Arsenic is a metalloid. This technology does not use any chemicals and arsenic is left in an insoluble form (+5 state) in the subterranean zone by recharging aerated water into the aquifer and developing an oxidation zone that supports arsenic oxidizing micro-organisms. During the Bronze Age, arsenic was often included in bronze, which made the alloy harder (so-called "arsenical bronze"). It is sensitive to mobilization at pH values typical of natural waters (pH 6.5–8.5) under both oxidizing and reducing conditions. [52], In the Victorian era, "arsenic" ("white arsenic" or arsenic trioxide) was mixed with vinegar and chalk and eaten by women to improve the complexion of their faces, making their skin paler to show they did not work in the fields. As a result, the adsorption of arsenic is reduced and dissolved arsenic accumulates in groundwater. This page was last edited on 28 January 2021, at 15:39. [47][48] [140][141], Arsenic is unique among the trace metalloids and oxyanion-forming trace metals (e.g. [2] It burns in oxygen to form arsenic trioxide and arsenic pentoxide, which have the same structure as the more well-known phosphorus compounds, and in fluorine to give arsenic pentafluoride. The main factors are pH and the redox potential. Lead components in car batteries are strengthened by the presence of a very small percentage of arsenic. These metabolic interferences lead to death from multi-system organ failure. [128][129] Several adsorptive media systems have been approved for use at point-of-service in a study funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the National Science Foundation (NSF). [93], In 2008, bacteria were discovered that employ a version of photosynthesis in the absence of oxygen with arsenites as electron donors, producing arsenates (just as ordinary photosynthesis uses water as electron donor, producing molecular oxygen). Arsenic can precipitate when metal sulfides form. Minerals with the formula MAsS and MAs2 (M = Fe, Ni, Co) are the dominant commercial sources of arsenic, together with realgar (an arsenic sulfide mineral) and native (elemental) arsenic. The study of chemolithoautotrophic As(III) oxidizers and the heterotrophic As(V) reducers can help the understanding of the oxidation and/or reduction of arsenic. [110] Long-term exposure and consequent excretion through urine has been linked to bladder and kidney cancer in addition to cancer of the liver, prostate, skin, lungs, and nasal cavity. [32] Other arsenic alloys include the II-V semiconductor cadmium arsenide. "[73], During the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, a number of arsenic compounds were used as medicines, including arsphenamine (by Paul Ehrlich) and arsenic trioxide (by Thomas Fowler). They form upon heating arsenic powder with excess sodium gives sodium arsenide(Na3As). However, abiotic redox reactions of arsenic are slow. [38], In 2014, China was the top producer of white arsenic with almost 70% world share, followed by Morocco, Russia, and Belgium, according to the British Geological Survey and the United States Geological Survey. (eds. So arsenic can be enriched in water with elevated Fe concentrations. Lesson 21 pages 103-108 Question 3: Which chemical formulas are consistent with the guidelines for creating ionic compounds? (d) Explain how the electron configuration of the arsenic atom in the ground state is consistent with the existence of the following known compounds: Na3As, AsCl3, and AsF5. Two ions will come together if their charge adds up to zero, and if this happens then you know it is a correct formula. Cacodyl was the first organometallic compound known (even though arsenic is not a true metal) and was named from the Greek κακωδἰα "stink" for its offensive odor; it is very poisonous.[37]. This isotope produces clearer PET scan images than the previous radioactive agent, iodine-124, because the body tends to transport iodine to the thyroid gland producing signal noise. [51] Crystals of elemental (native) arsenic are found in nature, although rare. The reductive desorption occurs under two circumstances. Although the use of CCA lumber was banned in many areas after studies showed that arsenic could leach out of the wood into the surrounding soil (from playground equipment, for instance), a risk is also presented by the burning of older CCA timber. Where two arsenate ions are required to balance the charge in a formula, it is called diarsenatefor example trizinc diarsenate, Zn3(AsO4)2. "The formation of As element in groundwater and the controlling factor". [14], One of the simplest arsenic compound is the trihydride, the highly toxic, flammable, pyrophoric arsine (AsH3). The group 1 alkali metals and the group 2, alkaline earth metals, form arsenides with isolated arsenic atoms. [170] In response, FDA tested the worst brand from the Dr. Oz show and found much lower levels. This process may be an arsenic detoxification mechanism for the bacteria. If they all consumed exactly 10 ppb arsenic in their drinking water, the previously cited multiple epidemiological study analysis would predict an additional 2,000 cases of bladder cancer alone. Using the high specific surface area of Fe3O4 nanocrystals, the mass of waste associated with arsenic removal from water has been dramatically reduced. 199–208 in Chappell W.R, Abernathy C.O, Cothern C.R. [116], Since the 1980s, residents of the Ba Men region of Inner Mongolia, China have been chronically exposed to arsenic through drinking water from contaminated wells. Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a problem that affects millions of people across the world. reduce arsenic to less than 2 ppb (µg/L). Arsenic is a chemical element with the symbol As and atomic number 33. Introduction . [110] It was found that addition of sulfur, phosphorus, and iron oxides to high-arsenite soils greatly reduces arsenic phytotoxicity. In its crystalline form, it is white and translucent. This moderately strong acid converts to dihydrogen arsenate(H. 2AsO−.

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