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Political science thus overlaps with sociology just as it overlaps with history and economics. Since the basic means of conflict-resolution is the authoritative allocation of values, it involves an investigation of the process by which the authoritative values are made and implemented in all societies. It comprises of the study of even extra constitutional agencies along with the study of formal governmental organs. The tradition of political economy in east is as old as Kautilya. A political system has three important characteristics, specifically, comprehensiveness, interdependence and existence of boundaries. The outstanding feature of traditional approaches is that there is value laden system. The big or super-powers are involved in power politics to establish their power and enhance their image in international society. Each of these approaches have their strength and weaknesses. The political communication approach formulated by Karl Deutsch lays emphasis on how one part of the system affects another by sending messages or transmitting information. The looser application uses the same general notion, but the investigator chooses countries that have similar characteristics but those characteristics are not firmly matched to a set of control variables. These researchers then adopt comprehensiveness, realism, precision and scientific study of the processes of politics as their new goal. There are various associations or groups within every society and they are normally formed on the basis of profession. - Formal study of the organisation and powers, description of the features of the constitutions and political institutions, and legal powers of political institutions form the basic contents of comparative government study. In general, in Marxian view politics has a derivative and epiphenomenal character. The paradigm adopted by behaviourists, according to him is S- R (Stimulus-Response). It also emphasizes the fact that where the citizens are law abiding, the knowledge of the law offers an important basis for predictions relating to political behaviour of people. (Peters, 1998) This essay seeks to describe the different aspects of the ‘art of comparing’ and also to detail the reasons why the comparative method … Because of the difficulties of so many variables, a second method was decentralised to be used in conjunction with MSSD. Other criticisms by political thinkers are as under: Post behaviourism: The progress of behavioural movement in Political Science is one of the important breakthroughs in the history of Political Science. The stricter application infers that a investigator would choose various countries that have a number of similar variables, also called control variables, and would only different from each other by one single independent variable. From history, researchers come to know how man was in the past and what he is now. Also asked, what are the two approaches to the study of comparative politics? Hobbes' political philosophy is based, to a considerable extent, upon psychological factors. Very few historians interpret historical events and evidences broadly and freely. Economics and politics are vital arenas of social science and in several respects they are closely related. Deutsch believes that the political system is a system of communication channels and it is self-regulative. labelled as comparative politics. They had no intention to promulgate ideas which can change society. Therefore, this approach is associated with the legal process, legal bodies or institutions, and judiciary. Comparative politics brings researchers into contact with political worlds other than political and cultural horizons. A recent specialist has observed that: "Political behaviour, political relationships and political institutions are within the realm of sociology along with other kinds of behaviour, relationships and institutions. A comparative- normative-prescriptive study of constitutions was conducted. Outside economic influence, politics has no independent authority. As an academic discipline, philosophical approach is appropriate, but in practical guide for action, it has barely any importance. Political investigators use different approaches tools to arrive at greater political understanding. Institutional approach is concerned with the study of the formal political structures like legislature, executive, and judiciary. The subscribers to this approach demonstrate that there is a safety in numbers and researchers have to prove scientifically the validity of a proposition by making use of graph, table, and charts. The legal and political institutions stand on this "real foundation" of economic structure. The political philosophers supporting these approaches and raised questions such 'what should be an ideal state?' It ignores the role of individuals who constitute and operate the formal as well as informal structures and substructures of a political system. If the results obtained from this research differ between each other, the researcher must move up to the system level and switch to the MSSD method. It means that the researcher should not have any pre-conceived idea or a prejudiced view. Miliband indicated that "a Marxist politics had to be constructed or reconstructed from the mass of variegated and fragmented material which forms the corpus of Marxism.". Nature and scope of comparative politics is fathomable only when one understands the main characteristics and significance of comparative government. Its interpretation of political activities conjures interest in the minds of students of politics. In the system of Hobbes, the head of the state is highest legal authority and his command is law that must be obeyed either to avoid punishment following its infraction or to keep the dreadful state of nature away. Comparative politics is key area in political science, pigeonholed by an empirical approach based on the comparative method. In the decade of sixties, the systems theory became an important tool to evaluate and investigate key factors in Political Science. These new approaches are considered as the "modern approaches" to the study of Political Science. Culture in various ways influences the political behaviour of individuals which is the arena of investigation of political scientists. Therefore, it takes into account psychological and social aspects of decision makers also. Thus he distinguished six different kinds of "constitutions": monarchy, aristocracy, and polity (good types), versus tyranny, oligarchy and democracy (corrupt types). Politics also studies these relationships. Political researchers made great attempts to develop a new science of 'comparative politics'. Statistical method implies the mathematical manipulation of quantitative data about a large number of cases, while sometimes political research must be conducted by analysing the behaviour of qualitative variables in a small number of cases. Current Affairs Magazine. Comparative Politics is pigeonholed by numerous features. All these fall within the study area of political science. Later on, Karl Deutsch developed it and applied it in Political Science. The future of petrol after electric cars. These approaches mainly deals with the formal aspects of government and politics. This is absolutely a psychological issue. Two major strategies are used in comparative research are as under: 1. Policy creations and legislations depend upon the sociological studies. It is not an overstatement to hold that the foundation of behaviouralism is psychology of the individuals. Political activity consists of the efforts by which the conditions of conflicts are created and resolved in a way pertaining to the interest of people as far as possible who play in their part in struggle for power. His famous political work was The Art of Not Being Governed. In the 20th century, the study of political government underwent revolutionary changes. He has portrayed the nature of men who lived in the state of nature. This approach treats the state primarily as an organization for creation and enforcement of law (J. C. Johari, 1982). Comparative government includes the study of features and legal powers of political institutions existing in various states. Both traditional and modern comparative politics adopt different approaches to its study. The notion allowed him to make a distinction between an ideal system of democracy and institutional arrangements that approximate this ideal. Scholars like Richard Synder and Charles Lindblom have developed this approach. This approach denotes that political events are formed by various other factors in the society and therefore, it would be incorrect to separate Political Science from other disciplines. Main aim of philosophical approach is to evaluate the consequences of events in a logical and scientific manner. He is also known for doing more than any other author to secure the place of the word despotism in the political lexicon. The idea of emancipation is associated with economic terms. Approaches toApproaches to ComparativeComparative PoliticsPolitics TRADITIONAL APPROACHESTRADITIONAL APPROACHES & STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL& STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL APPROACHAPPROACH. It does not consider role of the feelings, ideas, prejudices that determine the response of that individual. Find an answer to your question What is traditional approach to comparative politics? Other scientists described that the study of politics is bound with legal process of country and the existence of harmonious state of liberty and equality is earmarked by the rule of law (J. C. Johari, 1982). It means social contest is important to understand the political behaviours of individual (J. C. Johari, 1982). In this essay I will be addressing a series of question and topics within each literature-seminal works, assumptions, strengths and weaknesses, and applied areas of research. Thus, both sociology and politics deal with society in its broadest standpoint. Prominence is on the study of different political structures. Therefore, they stress testing and verifying everything. Mere descriptive or prescriptive analysis is not enough. Researchers believe that these political structures, governmental or non- governmental, directly or indirectly affect the process of politics in all political systems. It studies the actual behaviour of all institutions. Customarily, the study of... 2. It is also known as speculative, metaphysical or ethical approach. In the huge arena of political science, there are a number of great or outstanding books. Class domination has been a historical process suggesting a constant attempt on the part of the dominant classes to maintain and extend their power on the society. Philosophical approach use procedure of logical analysis. Many thinkers realized that state is more of social than political institution. Specifically, the comparative method is generally used when neither the experimental nor the statistical method can be implemented. It is the oldest approach to the study of politics. Comparative politics is a field in political science characterized either by the use of the comparative method or other empirical methods to explore politics within (as opposed to between) countries. He wanted to establish that politics and morality are not an etheric concepts. It recognizes the achievement of behaviouralism and escalates its effort to do objective research in Political Science. The environment produces demands from different parts of the society such as demand for reservation in the matter of employment for certain groups, demand for soothing working conditions or minimum wages, demand for better transportation facilities, demand for better health facilities. The political system receives theses inputs from the environment. Comparative politics is a specific sphere of human activity in which the differences of social groups, nations, and classes are reflected. His famous writing was "Parties and party systems".

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